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Tenure rights in large-scale and artisanal mining: Implications of the Tenure Guidelines
… rights to land, fisheries and forests, which are often affected by mining operations. Yet, the VGGT’s relevance to the mining sector has often been overlooked. This legal brief explores how … the VGGT could help address recurring challenges affecting the mining sector. … Tenure rights in large-scale and artisanal mining: Implications of the Tenure Guidelines …
Publication, 29 September 2021
Pits at Bekily sapphire mine in Toliara are on average 18 meters deep (Photo: Andry Rabemanantsoa/GIZ PAGE Madagascar)
Improving governance in Madagascar's artisanal and small-scale mining sector from the ground up
… Madagascar's artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector accounts for around one million jobs in a country of … to improvements in local governance. For example: Mayors of mining communities received training on the legal mining framework and on the mining revenues they are entitled to receive … Towards inclusive and responsible mining …
Project, 08 March 2017
Post-COVID-19 surge in mining exploration leaves vast tracts of protected land in danger of exploitation
… swathes of land are being awarded by host governments to prospecting mining companies with insufficient environmental and social safeguards, … to new analysis from IIED. Publicly available records show that mining companies are currently exploring for minerals in protected areas … the world. Although companies need exploitation licences to begin mining, they can threaten legal action against governments through …
News, 16 February 2022
A group of women stand and sit around a table discussing and adding information to a large piece of paper
Scaling up CRAFT and Fairmined initiatives for responsible gold in Honduras
… and high-risk areas (CAHRAs) and to support socially responsible mining that contributes to local sustainable development. Honduras is a … levels of unemployment and emigration. The artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector employs many thousands of people in Honduras and has the potential to bring sustainable development benefits to its mining communities. But at present the sector is hampered by high levels …
Project, 17 November 2021
An aerial photo of a group of people in the distance, standing on hillside outcrop and overlooking a valley.
Peru: campaigning for legal rights for Mother Nature
… highlands, in Huancavelica, Indigenous women are grappling with mining expansion and chemical contamination of the soil. In Ucayali, …
Article, 12 February 2026
Aerial view of hundreds of men and women tin mining
New collection of community development laws for the mining sector launched
… development laws and agreements from around the world related to the mining sector in one place. The Community Development in Mining Collection has been developed by IIED, Sustainable Development … is to increase public access to laws and agreements related to the mining sector’s community development obligations, allowing greater …
News, 10 May 2021
An artisanal miner
Ghana: on our way to participatory reform in the artisanal and small-scale mining sector
… of local multi-stakeholder dialogues on artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) started in Ghana in autumn 2015.  During a ' visioning … an overview Ghana is on the cusp of a real opportunity for change. Mining is a major contributor to the country's economy. In 2014 alone, … benefits from a more inclusive, sustainable and productive Ghanaian mining sector, with ASM fully integrated, are staggering. Approximately …
Project, 15 July 2016
Four women seated in a line and wearing colourful traditional pastoralist clothing lean forward as part of an interview being conducted outside, with trees in the background.
Challenging social norms in the drylands of Uganda
… But their communal lands are threatened by climate change, industrial mining and armed conflict, while patriarchal social norms override legal …
Article, 19 November 2025
Employees work deep within a tunnel at the Nsangano Gold Mine, Mawemeru village in Geita District, Tanzania in March 2015 (Photo: Brian Sokol/Panos Pictures)
Laying the foundations for a dialogue series on artisanal and small-scale mining
… There is growing appetite for an inclusive dialogue in the mining sector. The private sector is under pressure to deliver development outcomes, and mining companies increasingly want to engage more effectively with artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). Many governments are also keen to get a better handle on …
Project, 24 June 2015
The landscape of the Santurbán páramo.
Unpacking regulatory chill: the case of mining in the Santurbán páramo in Colombia
… faces around US$18 billion in investment claims from five gold mining companies. The legal costs of defending such cases are not small, … Last year, I spent two months doing fieldwork on the case of mining in the Santurbán páramo in Colombia .  This ecosystem unique to … (2010-18) wished to protect the páramos , but multinational mining companies had already started exploration in those areas. The …
Insight, 21 December 2020