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… work goes back to 1986 when Jorge E. Hardoy (then-director of IIED’s Human Settlements research group ) and I wrote a paper on current and recent … large cities in low- and middle-income countries are in informal settlements; these settlements are often considered problematic by …

… This included understanding how urbanisation processes contribute to human vulnerability and exposure to a wide spectrum of hazards. It … emphasis on the challenges faced by low-income, informal and illegal settlements, and how the nature and scale of these risks evolved in the … of risk and loss in contemporary African towns and cities. Inadequate human capacity: a key challenge was the lack of capacity among those at …

… disabilities, the elderly and people living in unplanned and informal settlements – are most at risk. How can these new growing urban areas be … team who are a pleasure to work with" – David Dodman, director, Human Settlements research group, IIED Connect with Kota Kita Email: …

… more of 'them'.  Instead, the formal acceptance of new low-cost settlements is often resisted, creating more urban exclusion, and … The 11th Sustainable Development Goal is to 'Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable'. Next … action.  Gordon McGranahan ([email protected]) is principal researcher in IIED's Human Settlements Group and team leader on …

… Under the leadership of Arif Hasan , the IIED Human Settlements research group engaged with local partners to identify …