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San peoples from the Kalahari have lived in harmony with nature, but their contribution to the conservation and sustainable uses of biodiversity lacks appropriate recognition, particularly in Botswana and South Africa (Photo: Harry Jonas)
Human rights standards for conservation: rights, responsibilities and redress
… bear human rights obligations and responsibilities in the context of conservation initiatives? What are their obligations and … of the evolution of international law and policy as relevant to conservation initiatives, and presented the case that diverse actors … funders, also have responsibilities and obligations for ensuring just conservation.   Part two: this  identified the relevant body of human …
Project, 11 November 2014
Members of the Olderkesi Conservancy in Kenya scoring strategies for engaging communities in tackling IWT for effectiveness (Photo: Micah Conway)
First Line of Defence (FLoD)
… escalating IWT in high-value species, and the conditions under which community engagement does and does not work, have received little … Conservation, communities and equity …
Project, 09 November 2018
Community-based conservation has worked for black rhinos (Photo: Park Street Pro via http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)
Wanted: Community wildlife conservation success stories
… the illegal wildlife trade. And a new coalition of international conservation organisations called United for Wildlife held a meeting to … to the London Declaration have also committed to "enhance support for community led wildlife conservation" to "include local communities in, … policymaking for years to come. So, what do successful models of community-led conservation and law enforcement look like? There are some …
Insight, 03 March 2014
A group of men at a table under a tree
Site-level assessment of governance and equity (SAGE)
… themselves assess the social impacts, governance and equity of their conservation efforts. The other two tools are social assessment for … conserved area (PCA) and any associated measures designed to support conservation. It is based on the relatively simple SAGE methodology, … is IIED doing? The SAGE initiative is a joint effort of a number of conservation agencies, NGOs and research organisations led by IIED. …
Project, 29 May 2020
Biocultural heritage website screenshot
Celebrating 20 years of promoting decoloniality: relaunching the biocultural heritage website
… and cannot be separated. Biocultural heritage challenges dominant conservation paradigms that separate people and nature, that have caused … conserved nature for millennia and continue to play a crucial role in conservation, as evidence shows . It also reaffirms customary rights …
News, 04 July 2025
Community engagement in preventin pangolin poaching in Nepal (Photo: Ambika Prasad Khatiwada)
Wildlife crime and local communities
… Wildlife crime is at the top of the international conservation agenda. Poaching and associated illegal wildlife trade … Wildlife crime is also of concern outside of the conservation community. Wildlife can be a key asset for rural communities in Africa … tackled as a priority issue for both the conservation and development community. However, the way in which wildlife crime is tackled can also …
Article, 03 February 2015
Cover of a report with the title saying 'Advancing gender justice in biodiversity data and policy' above images of women farming.
New report: recognition of women-led biodiversity data vital to advance gender justice
… A new report has highlighted the ways in which women-led and community-based organisations are generating vital, gender-responsive … policies. There is also limited evidence on how the women-led and community-based organisations engage with data, including the capacities … better understand how women’s organisations engaged in biodiversity conservation currently collect, manage, analyse, use and share data. The …
News, 17 February 2026
A great ape (Photo: Noodlefish)
Linking ape conservation with economic development and social justice
… apes are iconic species that are highly valued by the international community and are a high priority for various international conservation efforts. But their habitats are in some of the poorest … of people who work in conservation, development and indigenous/community rights that promotes learning on the links between nature …
Project, 16 August 2013
People sitting around a table
Unleashing the potential of local organisations in linking conservation and development
… beneficiaries have strong links to a specific geographical place and community, underpin the success and sustainability of most environmental … did IIED do? Building directly on IIED’s experience of working on community-based approaches to conservation in Africa and elsewhere, we worked in collaboration with …
Project, 16 August 2013
Two men sit on a bench and take notes, while a small crowd sits on the floor in front of them.
Conservation and discrimination: case studies from Nepal’s national parks
… social relations, and identity of Nepal’s Indigenous communities. Yet conservation policies and programmes, natural resource extraction and … and are designed to promote taxation and government control of conservation areas rather than recognise the legitimate land claims of … legal instruments. CSRC’s action research with Indigenous communities Community Self Resilience Center (CSRC) and Amnesty International …
Article, 13 April 2022