… had been broken down. In the 1987 IIED annual report, it says "change is in the air… with the Brundtland Report Our Common Future … for four years, collecting household data on livelihoods, assets, climate, land use, water and livestock. This research became my PhD … head of IED-Afrique . In 1989, interest in participatory planning and management of land was growing, but there was no systematic training or …