… change come as loans rather than grants, according to new analysis by IIED. In 2021, the most recent year for which data was available, 122 … the Africa Climate Summit. Sejal Patel, an environmental economist at IIED, said: “Climate finance is a mess that the richest countries – all … to spend on things like healthcare and education for their citizens.” IIED’s analysis found that, although the ratio of loans to grants was …