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Ancestral miners rush to find gold and platinum ore at a mine wall opened by medium-scale mining (Photo: Ronald de Hommel)
Informality and formalisation in the artisanal and small-scale mining sector
… operate 'informally' – either criminally and in direct contravention of laws, or because laws are inadequate and don't include them – are … the Shaping Sustainable Markets initiative in partnership with the University of Ghent's Conflict Research Group and the Alternate Forum for Research in …
Insight, 12 November 2014
Customers at a milk bar in Ndumbuini in Kabete, Nairobi. Research in Kenya has found that milk sold in this way had similar bacterial levels to those sold in formal markets (Photo: ILRI/Paul Karaimu)
What do street food, charcoal, gold, mobile phones and milk have in common?
… and the Alliance for Responsible Mining have found that 63 per cent of mining operations are informal in the sense that they lack a legal … from the ILRI, the Alternative Research Forum for Mindanao, Ghent University, Surrey University, Northwest Agriculture and Forest …
Insight, 17 December 2014