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Participatory Learning and Action - About

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(formerly PLA Notes)

About Us | What is 'PLA' | RCPLA Network

'Participatory Learning and Action is a wonderful source of practical ideas and experience about participatory learning, action, approaches and methods. It manages brilliantly to be at once serious, critical, readable, practical and accessible. For participation, I know of no other periodical in the world to touch it.'
Robert Chambers, Institute of Development Studies, Sussex, UK

'Participatory Learning and Action provides up-to-date information on the use of participatory methods in varied fields of development, allowing practitioners world over to share their field experiences, methodological innovations and other learning. This is our journal, providing the space for organisations in the South to continuously share and learn from each other's experiences in using participatory methodologies in the field.'
Tom Thomas, Praxis, India

About Us

Aimed at newcomers and experienced practitioners alike, Participatory Learning and Action is the world's leading informal journal on participatory learning and action approaches and methods, reaching over 20,000 readers in 121 countries. Since its first issue in 1988, it has provided a forum for those engaged in participatory work - community workers, activists and researchers to share their experiences, conceptual reflections and methodological innovations with others, providing a genuine voice from the field. All the material is copyright free and we encourage photocopying of articles for sharing and training, provided the source is acknowledged.

In recent years, the spread and popularity of participatory approaches has been phenomenal. Participatory Learning and Action draws on the expertise of guest editors to provide up-to-the minute accounts of the development and use of participatory methods in specific fields. Recent special issues include:

  • Immersions: learning about poverty face-to-face (PLA 57)
  • Practical tools for community conservation in southern Africa (PLA 55)
  • Mapping for change – practice, technologies and communication (PLA 54)
  • Tools for influencing power and policy (PLA 53)
  • Civil society and poverty reduction (PLA 51)
  • Critical reflections, future directions (PLA 50)

Participatory Learning and Action is a vital resource for those working to enhance the participation of ordinary people in local, regional, national and international decision making, in both South and North.

Contents include:

  • Editorial
  • General articles on participation
  • Special theme section
  • Feedback
  • Tips for trainers
  • In Touch: book reviews, resources & e-participation

Co-Editors: Angela Milligan, Nicole Kenton, Holly Ashley - contact us

Strategic Editorial Advisory Board: Ivan Bond, Nazneen Kanji, Sammy Musyoki, Michel Pimbert, Jethro Pettit, Peter Reason, Sonja Vermuelen.

International Editorial Advisory Board: Oga Steve Abah, Jo Abbot, Jordi Surkin Beneria, L. David Brown, Andy Catley, Robert Chambers, Louise Chawla, Bhola Dahal, Quasim Deiri, John Devavaram, Charlotte Flower, Forum for Community Empowerment (FORCE) Nepal, Ian Goldman, Bara Gueye, Irene Guijt, Marcia Hills, Enamul Huda, Vicky Johnson, Caren Levy, Sara Levy, Zhang Linyang, Ilya M. Moeliono, Humera Malik, Marjorie Jane Mbilinyi, Ali Mokhtar, Seyed Babak Moosavi, Neela Mukherjee, Trilok Neupane, Esse Nilsson, Zakariya Odeh, Peter Park, Bardolf Paul, Bimal Kumar Phnuyal, Giacomo Rambaldi, Peter Reason, Joel Rocamora, Jayatissa Samaranayake, Madhu Sarin, Daniel Selener, Anil C. Shah, Meera Kaul Shah, Marja Liisa Swantz, Peter Taylor, Tom Wakeford, Eliud Wakwabubi, Alice Welbourn.

Participatory Learning and Action is published twice a year by the Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity and Livelihoods (SABL) Programme at IIED.

IIED would like to thank Sida (the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency) and DFID (UK Department for International Development) for their support.

What is PLA?

Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) is an umbrella term for a wide range of similar approaches and methodologies, including Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), Participatory Learning Methods (PALM), Participatory Action Research (PAR), Farming Systems Research (FSR), Méthod Active de Recherche et de Planification Participative (MARP), and many others. The common theme to all these approaches is the full participation of people in the processes of learning about their needs and opportunities, and in the action required to address them.

Participatory approaches offer a creative approach to investigating issues of concern to poor people, and to planning, implementing, and evaluating development activities. They challenge prevailing biases and preconceptions about people's knowledge. The methods used range from visualisation, to interviewing and group work. The common theme is the promotion of interactive learning, shared knowledge, and flexible, yet structured analysis. These methods have proven valuable in a wide range of sectors and situations, in both North and South. Participatory approaches can also bring together different disciplines, such as agriculture, health and community development, to enable an integrated vision of livelihoods and well-being. They offer opportunities for mobilising local people for joint action.

Recent shifts in participation

In recent years, there have been a number of shifts in the scope and focus of participation:

  • emphasis on sub-national, national and international decision making, not just local decision making
  • move from projects to policy processes and institutionalisation
  • greater recognition of issues of difference and power
  • emphasis on assessing the quality and understanding the impact of participation, rather than simply promoting participation

Recent issues of Participatory Learning and Action (formerly PLA Notes) have reflected, and will continue to reflect, these developments and shifts. We particularly recognise the importance of analysing and overcoming power differentials which work to exclude the already poor and marginalised.

RCPLA Network

The Resource Centres for Participatory Learning and Action (RCPLA) is a global network established in 1997. The RCPLA’s mission is to:

Bring together a diverse, international network of development practitioners to strengthen impact on processes of social change. By sharing field experiences, facilitating capacity building and encouraging the use of participatory practices, RCPLA will positively influence development initiatives while working towards qualitative social advancement, equity and justice.


The goal of this collection of organisations is to bring together, organise, synthesise and distribute information on participatory approaches, preferably in more appropriate formats and local languages. This is in order to contribute to the exchange of knowledge and ideas between members, and help promote effective participatory approaches at local, regional and international levels.

The Network was established in 1997 and currently has 17 member organisations in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Europe and the Middle East. Each member is itself at the centre of a regional or national network. Members share information about activities in their respective countries, such as training programmes, workshops and key events, as well as providing PLA information focused on the particular fields in which they operate.

IIED acted as Coordinator for the Network when it was established; it then underwent a process of decentralisation and devolution to the South, with IIED support, and Praxis in India took on the role as Network Coordinator in 2002.  In 2005, Ali Mokhar, from the North Africa and Middle East region, became the new Coordinator.

For a full list of RCPLA partners, further information about the Network and details of participation-related activities in the different regions, see the RCPLA website, or contact the Network Coordinator, Ali Mokhtar

News about RCPLA activities can also be found in the RCPLA pages of Participatory Learning and Action.


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