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The Rwenzori Mountains Protected Area (RMNP) was first established as a Forest Reserve in 1941, and then gazetted as a national park in 1992 covering an area of 995 km2.
The Montsde Cristal National Park (MCNP) was legally designated in 2002 and fully established on the ground in 2005.
The Ol Pejeta Conservancy (OPC) was established in the 1980s as a privately owned protected area (PA), operated on a not-for-profit basis.
The escalating illegal wildlife trade (IWT) is one of the most high profile conservation challenges today.
Alternative livelihood projects are used by a variety of organisations as a tool for achieving biodiversity conservation.
For the past 20 years a revenue-sharing scheme has been in place for communities surrounding Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda.
In recent years there has been a surge in illegal wildlife trade. Poaching of elephants and rhinos for ivory and horn has attracted the most attention, but the trade extends to many other species and commodities.
Recent alarming rises in illegal wildlife trade (IWT) show that tough law enforcement is not enough to stop poachers devastating populations of iconic or endangered species.
Assessing the positive and negative social impacts of protected areas is no easy task, but it can be done with relatively simple, low cost methodologies.