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This paper assesses the quality and extent of provision for water and sanitation in urban areas in Malawi – where over 60% of the population lives in informal settlements.
The importance of effective institutions for development is well established. There is however, a continuing debate on how to stimulate institutional reform within highly complex political and cultural contexts.
Annexes to accompany the working paper 'A review of evidence~of humanitarian cash transfer programming in urban areas' available at http://pubs.iied.org/10759IIED.
The exponential increase in Karachi’s population, the change in its demographic indicators, the spatial spread of housing and the geographical concentration of livelihoods opportunities mean increasing transport pressures.
Half of the world's people live in urban areas, and roughly a third of these live in desperate poverty without access to basic amenities.
This paper engages with the global debate about the meaningfulness, validity and reliability of the poverty-line approach by examining the Egyptian poverty lines in relation to the reality of the lives of the urban poor in Greater Cairo.
The associations between human rights and the work of development activists didn’t receive widespread attention from international development agencies until the mid to late 1990s.
This paper describes the development of poverty lines in India, from the 19th century to the present, and assesses their limitations as an indication of poverty.
It has become common for the residents of “slums” or informal settlements to survey and map their own settlements and to provide the findings to local governments.