When a big UN conference ends, the real work is only just beginning. Last month representatives of nearly 200 nations met in Hyderabad, India, for the 11th Conference of Parties (COP11) to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. Now they are back at home working to implement the decisions they reached. In this Q & A Richard Benyon MP, the Parliamentary under-Secretary for Natural Environment, Water and Rural Affairs, highlights some key outcomes and explains when the government plans to ratify the Nagoya Protocol.