International Institute for Environment and Development 
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| International Institute for Environment and Development |
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CREED Research Projects
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Working in collaboration with researchers in twelve developing countries between 1993 and 2000, IIED and IVM have carried out applied economic research and capacity strengthening on the following topics: The Role of Environmental Regulations as Trade Barriers for Developing Countries Macroeconomic Policy and the Environment — Thailand and Cote d’Ivoire Tropical Forest Land Use Options in Brazil Mangrove-Fishpond Interactions in the Philippines Incentives for Rangeland Management, Botswana Incentives for Watershed Protection, Costa Rica Poverty and Environmental Degradation Waste Paper Trade and Recycling in India Market-Based Instruments for Pollution Prevention: The Steel Industry in India Valuation of Wild Resources, Nigeria Environmentally Sensitive Sectors: Shrimp Farming in Thailand Local Level Valuation of Wild Resources in Papua New Guinea Soil Degradation in Benin: Perceptions and Rational Behaviour Poverty and Environmental Degradation in Kenya An Integrated Assessment Model for Sustainable Waste Management in Bangalore 1. The Role of Environmental Regulations as Trade Barriers for Developing Countries The project aimed to:
2. Macroeconomic Policy and the Environment — Thailand and Cote d’Ivoire Through case studies of Cote d’Ivoire and Thailand, the project aimed to
3. Tropical Forest Land Use Options in Brazil The project analysed the relative financial and economic costs and benefits of actual or potential forest land use options, including the environmental and distributional impacts, through a detailed case study of the Country of Paragominas, northern Brazil. Collaborating Institutions:
4. Mangrove-Fishpond Interactions in the Philippines The objectives of the project included:
Collaborating Institutions:
5. Incentives for Rangeland Management, Botswana Objectives for this project included:
6. Incentives for Watershed Protection, Costa Rica Through a case study of the upper watershed area of Lake Arenal, this study explores the economic issues surrounding the soil and water conservation functions provided by critical watersheds. This includes an assessment of on-site and off-site impacts of current and potential lands uses (cattle ranching and forest protection), and the design of new incentives to improve resource allocation in the area. Collaborating Institutions:
7. Poverty and Environmental Degradation A series of commissioned research papers critically explores the links between poverty and environmental degradation, in order to identify gaps in existing literature, and to provide the basis for the formulation of a research agenda on poverty-environment linkages. Collaborating Institutions:
8. Waste Paper Trade and Recycling in India This study determines the economic, social and environmental impacts of international trade in waste paper between industrialised and developing countries, with a focus on India. Collaborating Institutions:
9. Market-Based Instruments for Pollution Prevention: A Case Study of the Steel Industry in India This project explores the options for market-based instruments to prevent and reduce pollution discharge most cost effectively, and encourage resource conservation, in the Indian steel sector. It also devises a system of emissions trading within Tata Steel Ltd, based on the ‘bubble’ concept. Collaborating Institutions:
10. Valuation of Wild Resources, Nigeria This project seeks to provide new information for development planning in the Hadejia-Jama’are Floodplain region of Nigeria, by increasing the understanding of local economic activities. This is achieved through an assessment of the economic value of major wild resources harvested from the floodplain, both in aggregate and to different groups of people. Collaborating Institutions:
11. Soil Degradation in Benin The objective of this study is to improve the understanding about soil quality and farmers knowledge by addressing such questions as:
Collaborating Institutions:
12. Environmentally Sensitive Sectors: Shrimp Farming in Thailand There are two objectives to this study:
Collaborating Institutions:
13. Local Level Valuation of Wild Resources in Papua New Guinea This project develops an approach to carry out local level resource valuation through a combination of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and economic valuation techniques. This is done first to increase the understanding of existing and potential role of forests in local livelihoods in Papua New Guinea, and hence to generate new information for community planning. Collaborating Institutions:
14. Soil Degradation in Benin: Perceptions and Rational Behaviour This project tests the hypothesis that current land use in Atatcora, Benin, is ration from a private economic point of view, once farmers’ perceptions, preferences and physical constraints are taken into account. Consequently, it identifies the necessary changes to the economic environment, knowledge and farmers’ perceptions which will encourage farmers to adopt more sustainable cropping patterns. Collaborating Institutions:
15. Poverty and Environmental Degradation in Kenya This project investigates the increasing rate of environmental degradation and poverty witnessed in the Narok district of Kenya through an analysis of conflict between different user groups of natural resources in the region. It then seeks to identify policy prescriptions which could ensure a win-win outcome for all user groups and which would also improve environmental quality. Collaborating Institutions:
16. Waste Plastic Trade in China Following on from the project on trade in waste paper, this study assesses the economic, social and environmental impact of international trade in waste plastic to the People’s Republic of China. Collaborating Institutions:
17. Traditional Chinese Medicine This feasibility study provides insights into the essential dynamics underlying the demand and supply of materials used in traditional medicine, with the aim of developing a research agenda on the economics of Chinese Traditional Medicine. Collaborating Institutions:
18. An Integrated Assessment Model for Sustainable Waste Management in Bangalore Using the concept of ‘Integtated Sustainable Waste Management for urban waste, this project develops a computation model for the development and implementation of an improved waste management system in Bangalore. Collaborating Institutions:
19. Tax Policy and Transport: the Use of Vehicle Characteristics Taxes to Reduce Pollution in Brazil and Costa Rica Through an examination of the environmental impacts of taxes based on the physical characteristics of vehicles, this project assesses alternative policy options for reducing pollution in the urban areas of Brazil and Costa Rica and provides guidance for policy makers on their application. Collaborating Institutions:
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