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Business & Sustainable Development Research Topics

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We are currently engaged in research on the following topics:

Business and sustainable local development

Businesses have substantial potential to contribute to sustainable development at the local level. But how should businesses engage with local communities and policy-makers for sustainable development goals? How can corporate social investment strategies meet community development needs? And how can multi-stakeholder partnerships and dialogue be most effective at local level? These key questions guide our project work under this topic.

We want to catalyse learning and partnerships that can get businesses working as real ‘local development actors’, or that can see NGOs learning how to apply business skills in market settings – with our goal sustainable development at the local level.

Standards and tools for business and sustainable development

Getting the right standards and tools in place to support and promote responsible business practices is important. Codes of conduct, ethical management systems, and various kinds of ‘social and environmental responsibility’ standards for businesses are burgeoning. But who wins and who loses as these tools and standards hit real-world markets and impact on producers in poorer countries?

IIED works to understand the implications of existing standards and tools for stakeholders based in middle and low-income countries – particularly smaller producers. We want to shape standards and tools that can maximise positive business practices. We aim to do so in ways that are better attuned to sustainable development outcomes and to the concerns of stakeholders based in middle and low income countries.

Direct investment and sustainable development

Direct investment has the potential to make a major positive contribution to sustainable development. But benefits that are promised at national level are too often not matched by positive contributions to environmental protection, poverty reduction or sustainable livelihoods at the local level. IIED works to find ways to strengthen positive environmental, social and economic outcomes from direct investment.

New Business Models for Sustainable Development

This new initiative builds on IIED’s work from across a range of industries, sectors, products and supply chains. It looks at how businesses and enterprises contributions to sustainable development are affected by the business model they adopt - including how they interact with each other in procurement, sub-contracting and other direct business arrangements. It explores how private sector, civil society and government can work together to shape business models that deliver positive economic, environmental and social outcomes as well as business viability. 

Recent Articles

Corporate Social Responsibility: A Step Towards Stronger Involvement of Business in MEA Implementation? Linda Siegele and Halina Ward
Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, vol. 16:2, 2007

This article explores the relationship between multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). It offers an overview of the linkages, a survey of relevant provisions of key MEAs, and a review of the relationship between global trade rules and MEAs.
read more...

CSR and developing countries: what scope for government action?
Halina Ward, Emma Wilson, Lyuba Zarsky (IIED), Tom Fox (UNDP),
Background paper for UNDESA, December 2006

This paper focuses on the role of public policy and of public sector actors in middle and low-income countries in CSR. It offers a framework for considering the potential roles and opportunities that exist for them not only to mitigate negative impacts of CSR but also to harness its potential positive benefits for public policy.
read more...

See also CSR and developing countries: what scope for government action? UNDESA  Innovation Brief Number 1, February 2007, which is based on the paper above.

Corporate Social Responsibility at a crossroads: Futures for CSR in the UK to 2015 Craig Smith and Halina Ward
IIED, August 2006

There are few opportunities for collective strategic thinking about CSR across stakeholder groups. 'Corporate Social Responsibility at a Crossroads' was designed to help to fill that gap. It was a process of analysis and stakeholder engagement to build scenarios for the future of CSR in the UK to 2015. The aim was to facilitate a dialogue across informed stakeholders in the UK; to provide an accessible map of the territory; and to set out some plausible scenarios for the future shape of the CSR agenda in the UK. This report records that analysis and the ideas that emerged from the process.
read more...

See also Corporate social responsibility at a crossroads? N. Craig Smith and Halina Ward, Business Strategy Review, Volume 18, Issue 1, Spring 2007.

Corporate responsibility and the business of law
Halina Ward
September 2005
Little has been written about the business of law. And very little has been done to address the contribution of business lawyers to the corporate responsibilities of their clients or employers. There has been a tendency to focus, not on the practice of business law or the legal profession, but on the content of laws that are relevant to corporate responsibility. This report considers the implications of the corporate responsibility agenda for business lawyers and for the practice of business law. Its aim is to stimulate discussion in this neglected area, with a view to strengthening the contribution that business lawyers make to corporate responsibility.
read more...


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